Glossary

3G (third generation)

third-generation mobile communications technology — a set of services that combine both high-speed mobile access with Internet services and radio communication technology that creates a data channel.

4G (fourth generation)

a generation of mobile communications with heightened demands. The fourth generation usually includes promising technologies that make it possible to transfer data at a rate exceeding 100 Mbit/s — mobile and 1 Gbit/s — fixed users.

5G (fifth generation)

is a high-speed wireless Internet, a fifth-generation technology that provides more efficient communications and access to data and services by increasing the speed of data receipt/transmission and broadening the range.

ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)

an asymmetric digital subscriber line — modem technology in which the available bandwidth of the channel is distributed between the proceeding and entering traffic asymmetrically.

API (Application Programming Interface)

a description of how one computer program may interact with another program.

ARPU (Average Revenue Per User)

average revenue per month per subscriber.

B2B (Business to Business)

is a term for commercial relations between legal entities.

B2C (Business to Consumer)

is a term that refers to a commercial relationship between a legal entity and a consumer.

B2G (Business to Government)

a term that refers to commercial relations between a legal entity and the state.

B2O (Business to Operators)

a term that refers to commercial relations between a legal entity and the state.

Big Data

big data processing.

Blockchain

a continuous sequential chain of blocks containing information, organized according to specific rules. Most often, copies of the chain of blocks are stored on many different computers independently of each other.

CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access)

multiple access with code division, digital cellular (wireless) communications network. CDMA is recommended by the global organization for standardization of communications as the most promising for building third-generation networks.

DWDM (Dense Wave Division Multiplexing)

is the most reliable technology for the underlying infrastructure of multiservice and mobile networks, ensures a sharp increase in network throughput and provides a wide range of fundamentally new communications services.

EBITDA (Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization)

the Company’s profit before deduction of interest on loans, profits tax and depreciation.

ESG factors (Environmental. Social. Governance)

environmental, social and management factors.

Firewall

a technology barrier designed to prevent unauthorized or unsolicited communications between computer networks or hosts.

FMC — One contact (fixed mobile convergence)

a technology barrier designed to prevent unauthorized or unsolicited communications between computer networks or hosts.

FTTH (Fiber to the Home)

fiber optic cable to the home (individual/private home).

FTTх (fiber to the x)

fiber-optic connection technology.

FWA (Fixed Wireless Access)

fiber-optic connection technology.

GSM

a global standard of digital mobile cellular communications with time and frequency split, is highly secure and operates in 2G networks. The main purpose is to make calls and exchange messages.

GPON (Gigabit passive optical network)

GB passive optical networks.

IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)

infrastructure as a service, for example, virtual servers and a virtual network; the client may install any software and applications.

IPTV (Internet Protocol Television)

television using Internet protocol, technology (standard) of digital television in data transmission networks using IP protocol, used by digital cable television operators, and the new generation of television.

IP-transit

a service to provide managed and high-speed Internet access through modern optical data transmission networks using the BGP protocol. BGP is a protocol of dynamic route between autonomous systems used on the Internet.

IoT (Internet of Things)

a common name for technologies that allow devices built into individual objects to send and receive information via the Internet (wired or wireless).

LoRa (Long Range)

is a technology and a method of modulation of the same name.

LTE (Long-Term Evolution)

is a wireless high-speed data transmission standard for mobile phones and other data terminals.

NPS (Net Promoter Score)

Consumer Commitment Index or Company (Recommendation Readiness Index), used to assess readiness for repeat purchases. It is one of the main indices for measuring customer loyalty.

OTT (Over the Top)

a method of providing video services over the Internet.

ROACE (Return On Average Capital Employed)

return on average capital employed.

SaaS (Software as a Service)

software as a service, for example, e-mail or other office application; the client uses the application, basic application settings are managed by the provider.

SAC (Subscriber Acquisition Cost)

a metric that reflects the Company’s total costs on attracting one buyer.

SDN/NFV

Software-Defined Networks (SDN) and Network Function Automation (NFV).

VAS (Value-Added Services)

value-added services.

VPN (Virtual Privet Network)

a common name for the technology that makes it possible to provide one or more network connections (a logical network) over another network (for example, the Internet).

WAP (Wireless Application Protocol)

wireless data transfer protocol. The protocol was created specifically for GSM networks, where portable devices need to be connected to the Internet. Using WAP, a user of a mobile device may download any digital data from the Internet.

WIMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access)

is a broadband wireless technology that provides high-speed long-distance connections, even without a line of sight, on a reflected signal.

WLL (Wireless Local Loop)

is a broadband wireless technology that provides high-speed long-distance connections, even without a line of sight, on a reflected signal.

АМТС

automatic long-distance telephone communication.

FOCL RS

fiber-optic communications lines in rural settlements.

SAC

subsidiary and affiliated company

ICT

information and communication technologies.

CSR

corporate social responsibility.

SMEs

small and medium-sized enterprises.

ULE

association of legal entities.

SSC

shared service center.

Broadband or high-speed Internet access

Internet access at a data rate that is higher than the maximum possible when using dial-up access using a modem and a public telephone network.

CR

cash register.